Publications from the Chui SAMS (Systems Approach to Medication Safety) Lab
Exemplar Publications
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Older Adult Misuse of Over-the-Counter Medications: Effectiveness of a Novel Pharmacy-Based Intervention to Improve Patient Safety.
Citation
Gilson, A. M., Chladek, J. S., Stone, J. A., Watterson, T. L., Lehnbom, E. C., Hoffins, E. L., Berbakov, M. E., Moon, J., Jacobson, N. A., Holden, R. J., Gangnon, R. E., Walbrandt Pigarelli, D. L., Welch, L. L., Portillo, E. C., Shiyanbola, O. O., Gollhardt, J., Walker, K., & Chui, M. A. (2025). Older Adult Misuse of Over-the-Counter Medications: Effectiveness of a Novel Pharmacy-Based Intervention to Improve Patient Safety. Journal of patient safety, 21(1), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.1097/PTS.0000000000001288
Abstract
Objectives
Older adults’ (ages ≥65) inappropriate over-the-counter medications (OTC) use is prevalent, comprising Drug-Age, Drug-Drug, Drug-Disease, and Drug-Label types. Given that pharmacies sell many OTCs, structurally redesigning pharmacy aisles for improving patient safety (Senior Safe) was conceived to mitigate older adult OTC misuse, using Stop Signs and Behind-the-Counter Signs for high-risk OTCs. This study determined whether Senior Safe reduced high-risk OTCs misuse, while secondarily evaluating misuse changes for all OTCs.
Methods
A randomized controlled trial design matched and randomly allocated 20 health system community pharmacies to control or intervention groups. All 288 study participants completed an OTC choice task in which they chose a hypothetical symptom scenario (pain, sleep, cough/cold/allergy), selected an OTC, and described how they would use it at symptom onset and if symptoms persisted or worsened. Reported OTC use was evaluated for each misuse type. Intervention and control sites were compared for each misuse type using multivariate modeling.
Results
For high-risk OTCs, Drug-Age and Drug-Drug misuse were more likely in control sites (OR = 2.752, P = 0.004; OR = 6.199, P = 0.003, respectively), whereas Drug-Disease and Drug-Label misuse had too few occurrences in intervention sites for statistical comparisons. For all OTCs, only Drug-Age misuse was more likely for control sites (OR = 5.120, P = 0.001). Adults aged 85+ years had the greatest likelihood of all misuse types.
Conclusions
Results demonstrated that older adults frequently reported multiple misuse types, highlighting safety concerns. Senior Safe reduced high-risk OTC misuse, especially for older adults younger than 85 years. Cumulatively, these findings provide insights into practice recommendations supported through regulatory guidance.
Cited by: 3
The High Prevalence and Complexity of Over-the-Counter Medication Misuse in Older Adults.
Citation
Chladek, J. S., Gilson, A. M., Stone, J. A., Berbakov, M. E., Watterson, T. L., Lehnbom, E. C., Hoffins, E. L., Hemesath, K. A., Moon, J., Welch, L. L., Walbrandt Pigarelli, D. L., Portillo, E. C., Resendiz, S. M., Mai, S., & Chui, M. A. (2024). The High Prevalence and Complexity of Over-the-Counter Medication Misuse in Older Adults. Innovation in aging, 8(10), igae083. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae083
Abstract
Background and objectives:
Older adults (≥65 years) are the largest consumers of over-the-counter (OTC) medications and exceptionally vulnerable to the risks of these medications, including adverse drug events (ADEs). However, little is known about how older adults select and use OTCs. This is the first multisite study designed to prospectively quantify the type and intended use of OTCs selected by older adults in community pharmacies where products are purchased.
Research design and methods:
Older adults (n = 144) were recruited from 10 community pharmacies from a Midwestern health system. Participants were given hypothetical symptoms and asked to select one or more OTCs for self-treatment. They were asked to report how they would use the products at symptom onset and when symptoms persisted or worsened. They also reported their current medication list and health conditions. Participants’ OTC selections were evaluated for 4 types of misuse: drug-age, drug-drug, drug-disease, and drug-label.
Results:
Of the 144 participants, 114 (79%) demonstrated at least one type of misuse when describing how they would use their OTC selections at symptom onset. Drug-drug and drug-label misuse had the highest prevalence. Overall, 26 (18%) and 28 (19%) participants showed only drug-drug or drug-label misuse, respectively. Notably, 55 (38%) of participants demonstrated misuse in 2 or more misuse categories. Misuse potential was exacerbated when participants described treating persistent or worsening symptoms.
Discussion and implications:
The results highlight the high prevalence and complexity of OTC misuse in older adults and the need for additional work to improve OTC safety.
Cited by: 3
CancelRx: a health IT tool to reduce medication discrepancies in the outpatient setting.
Citation
Watterson, T. L., Stone, J. A., Brown, R., Xiong, K. Z., Schiefelbein, A., Ramly, E., Kleinschmidt, P., Semanik, M., Craddock, L., Pitts, S., Woodroof, T., & Chui, M. A. (2021). CancelRx: a health IT tool to reduce medication discrepancies in the outpatient setting. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA, 28(7), 1526–1533. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocab038
Abstract
Objective:
Medication list discrepancies between outpatient clinics and pharmacies can lead to medication errors. Within the last decade, a new health information technology (IT), CancelRx, emerged to send a medication cancellation message from the clinic’s electronic health record (EHR) to the outpatient pharmacy’s software. The objective of this study was to measure the impact of CancelRx on reducing medication discrepancies between the EHR and pharmacy dispensing software.
Materials and methods:
CancelRx was implemented in October 2017 at an academic health system. For 12 months prior, and 12 months after CancelRx implementation, data were collected on discontinued medications in the health system’s EHR and whether those prescriptions were successfully discontinued in the pharmacy’s dispensing software. An interrupted time series analysis was conducted to model the occurrence of prescriptions successfully discontinued over time.
Results:
There was an immediate (lag = 0), significant (P < 0.001), and sustained (post-implementation slope 0.02) increase in the proportion of successful medication discontinuations after CancelRx implementation (from 34% to 93%). CancelRx had variable impact based on whether the clinic was primary care (71.4% change prepost) or specialty care (53.9% change prepost). CancelRx reduced the time between when a medication was discontinued in the clinic EHR and pharmacy dispensing software.
Conclusion:
CancelRx automated a manual process and illustrated the role for health IT in communicating medication discontinuations between clinics and pharmacies. Overall, CancelRx had a marked benefit on medication list discrepancies and illustrated how health IT can be used across different settings to improve patient care.
Cited by: 16
Applying participatory design to a pharmacy system intervention.
Citation
Reddy, A., Lester, C. A., Stone, J. A., Holden, R. J., Phelan, C. H., & Chui, M. A. (2019). Applying participatory design to a pharmacy system intervention. Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP, 15(11), 1358–1367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.11.012
Abstract
Background:
Stakeholder engagement is an important component of the research process for improving the use and uptake of patient-centered health care innovations. Participatory design (PD), a method that utilizes the involvement of patients and other stakeholders, is well-suited for the design of multifaceted interventions in complex work systems, such as community pharmacies, that have diverse and dynamic end-users.
Objective:
The objective is to describe a blueprint for how to use PD when designing a community pharmacy intervention. This paper outlines the steps of PD and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of this method.
Methods:
PD is explained step-wise to underscore the considerations required of researchers unfamiliar with PD. This includes the development of a tailored PD approach, PD session preparatory work, data collection, and intervention development and evaluation. The stakeholders recruited for the community pharmacy intervention were pharmacy staff and older adult patients who received prescriptions at the pharmacy corporation in which the intervention was being implemented. The PD process was a series of six adaptive sessions: (1) problem identification, (2) solution generation, (3) convergence, (4) prototyping, (5) initial evaluation, and (6) formative evaluation.
Results:
A description of the PD process to design a community pharmacy intervention is provided. The process led to the development of a patient-centered prototype. The advantages of using PD included the opportunity to clarify problems faced by stakeholders, generation of novel solutions to incorporate into the intervention, and the ability to vet and fine-tune stakeholder design ideas in an iterative fashion. The insight gained was unprecedented and invaluable to the researchers. The biggest challenge of employing PD was the time-sensitive and time-intensive nature of developing each session, collecting data, and reflecting on the results in order to design subsequent sessions.
Conclusions:
The PD process led to the development of a patient-centered prototype. PD enabled stakeholders to generate creative solutions and provide unique insight on addressing issues faced in healthcare redesign research and specifically in community pharmacies.
Cited by: 66
Other Select Publications
Resendiz, S. M., Mai, S., Gilson, A. M., Stone, J. A., Hoffins, E. L., Chladek, J. S., Watterson, T. L., Moore, K. G., & Chui, M. A. (2025). Photo coding: a pragmatic approach to measuring intervention fidelity in a pharmacy system re-design. Implementation science communications, 7(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43058-025-00849-z
Gilson, A. M., Moore, K. G., Resendiz, S. M., Hoffins, E. L., Mai, S., Stone, J. A., & Chui, M. A. (2025). “But Will It Last?”: Examining How Pharmacy Staff Perceptions Influence Beliefs About the Sustainability of a Pharmacy-Based Intervention Targeting Older Adult Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medication Misuse. Pharmacy, 13(6), 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy13060174
Chui, M. A., Berbakov, M. E., Gilson, A. M., Stone, J. A., Lehnbom, E. C., Hoffins, E. L., Moore, K. G., & Ford II, J. H. (2025). Engineering Resilient Community Pharmacies for Chronic Care Management: Protocol for the Development of a Medication Safety Map. JMIR research protocols, 14, e69011. https://doi.org/10.2196/69011
Portillo, E. C., Do, S., Parham, T. M., Kettner, J., Jacobson, N., Hey, J. V., Erdelt, D., Maurer, M., Hagen, T., Lehmann, M., Will, S., Ourth, H., Chui, M., & McFarland, M. S. (2025). COPD CARE Academy: Design of Purposeful Training Guided by Implementation Strategies. Federal practitioner : for the health care professionals of the VA, DoD, and PHS, 42(8), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.12788/fp.0613
Hoffins, E. L., Stone, J. A., Gilson, A. M., Watterson, T. L., Chladek, J. S., & Chui, M. A. (2025). From the patient point of view: Using eye tracking to evaluate older adult shopping behavior change with a community pharmacy OTC intervention. Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy, 20, 100646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100646
Gilson, A. M., Stone, J. A., Berbakov, M. E., Hoffins, E. L., Gollhardt, J., Walker, K., & Chui, M. A. (2025). Evaluating the sustained effectiveness of a novel pharmacy-based intervention to reduce older adult misuse of over-the-counter medications: A case for non-significance. Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP, 21(4), 253–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.005
Berbakov, M. E., Hoffins, E. L., Stone, J. A., Gilson, A. M., Chladek, J. S., Watterson, T. L., Lehnbom, E. C., Moon, J., Holden, R. J., Jacobson, N., Shiyanbola, O. O., Welch, L. L., Walker, K. D., Gollhardt, J. D., & Chui, M. A. (2024). Adapting a community pharmacy intervention to improve medication safety. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA, 64(1), 159–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2023.11.009
Gilson, A. M., Stone, J. A., Morris, A. O., Brown, R. L., Xiong, K. Z., Jacobson, N., Holden, R. J., Albert, S. M., Phelan, C. H., Walbrandt Pigarelli, D. L., Breslow, R. M., Welch, L., & Chui, M. A. (2021). Impact of a pilot community pharmacy system redesign on reducing over-the-counter medication misuse in older adults. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA, 61(5), 555–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2021.04.007
Stone, J. A., Lester, C. A., Aboneh, E. A., Phelan, C. H., Welch, L. L., & Chui, M. A. (2017). A preliminary examination of over-the-counter medication misuse rates in older adults. Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP, 13(1), 187–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2016.01.004
Chui, M. A., Stone, J. A., Martin, B. A., Croes, K. D., & Thorpe, J. M. (2014). Safeguarding older adults from inappropriate over-the-counter medications: the role of community pharmacists. The Gerontologist, 54(6), 989–1000. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnt130
Chui, M. A., Stone, J. A., & Holden, R. J. (2017). Improving over-the-counter medication safety for older adults: A study protocol for a demonstration and dissemination study. Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP, 13(5), 930–937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2016.11.006
Chladek, J. S., & Chui, M. A. (2024). Barriers and Facilitators to Community Pharmacist-Provided Injectable Naltrexone for Formerly Incarcerated Individuals During Community Reentry in Wisconsin. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2024.09.13.24313637. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.13.24313637
Werner, N. E., Morgen, M., Kooiman, S., Jolliff, A., Warner, G., Feinstein, J., Chui, M., Katz, B., Storhoff, B., Sodergren, K., & Coller, R. (2024). Effectiveness of a Mobile App (Meds@HOME) to Improve Medication Safety for Children With Medical Complexity: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR research protocols, 13, e60621. https://doi.org/10.2196/60621
Watterson, T. L., Moon, J., Stone, J. A., Gilson, A. M., Berbakov, M. E., Hoffins, E. L., Chladek, J. S., Lehnbom, E. C., Resendiz, S. M., Mai, S., Walker, K. D., Gollhardt, J. D., & Chui, M. A. (2024). Linking Inner Context and Innovation Factors: Examining a pharmacy-based intervention through the eyes of pharmacy staff. Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy, 15, 100486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100486
Chladek, J. S., & Chui, M. A. (2024). Access to medications for opioid use disorder for formerly incarcerated individuals during community reentry: a mini narrative review. Frontiers in public health, 12, 1377193. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1377193
Xiao, Y., Fulda, K. G., Young, R. A., Hendrix, Z. N., Daniel, K. M., Chen, K. Y., Zhou, Y., Roye, J. L., Kosmari, L., Wilson, J., Espinoza, A. M., Sutcliffe, K. M., Pitts, S. I., Arbaje, A. I., Chui, M. A., Blair, S., Sloan, D., Jackson, M., & Gurses, A. P. (2024). Patient Partnership Tools to Support Medication Safety in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Protocol for a Nonrandomized Stepped Wedge Clinical Trial. JMIR research protocols, 13, e57878. https://doi.org/10.2196/57878
Alamer, K. A., Holden, R. J., Chui, M. A., Stone, J. A., & Campbell, N. L. (2024). Home medication inventory method to assess over-the-counter (OTC) medication possession and use: A pilot study on the feasibility of in-person and remote modalities with older adults. Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP, S1551-7411(24)00017-2. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.01.005
Jolliff, A., Coller, R. J., Kearney, H., Warner, G., Feinstein, J. A., Chui, M. A., O’Brien, S., Willey, M., Katz, B., Bach, T. D., & Werner, N. E. (2024). An mHealth Design to Promote Medication Safety in Children with Medical Complexity. Applied clinical informatics, 15(1), 45–54. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2214-8000
Watterson, T. L., Stone, J. A., Kleinschmidt, P. C., & Chui, M. A. (2023). CancelRx case study: implications for clinic and community pharmacy work systems. BMC health services research, 23(1), 1360. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-10396-9
Portillo, E. C., Lehmann, M. R., Hagen, T. L., Costner, M. G., Kettner, J. T., Bhardwaj, S. D., McFarland, M. S., Henderson, B. Y., Bowersox, N. W., Zhao, Q., & Chui, M. A. (2023). Integration of the patient-centered medical home to deliver a care bundle for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 63(1), 212–219. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2022.10.003
Portillo, E. C., Maurer, M. A., Kettner, J. T., Bhardwaj, S. D., Zhang, Z., Sedgwick, C., Gilson, A. M., Stone, J. A., Jacobson, N., Hennessy-Garza, R., Will, S., McFarland, M. S., Ourth, H., & Chui, M. A. (2023). Applying RE-AIM to examine the impact of an implementation facilitation package to scale up a program for Veterans with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Implementation science communications, 4(1), 143. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43058-023-00520-5
Lehnbom, E. C., Berbakov, M. E., Hoffins, E. L., Moon, J., Welch, L., & Chui, M. A. (2023). Elevating Safe Use of Over-The-Counter Medications in Older Adults: A Narrative Review of Pharmacy Involved Interventions and Recommendations for Improvement. Drugs & aging, 40(7), 621–632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-023-01041-5
Watterson, T. L., & Chui, M. A. (2023). Subjective Perceptions of Occupational Fatigue in Community Pharmacists. Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland), 11(3), 84. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy11030084
Legenza, L., Morris, A. O., Safdar, N., & Chui, M. A. (2023). “What brought you in today?”: Modeling patient-provider clinic visits to characterize rural providers’ antibiotic treatment decisions. Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP, S1551-7411(23)00064-5. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2023.02.007
Portillo, E., Lehmann, M., Hagen, T., Maurer, M., Kettner, J., Bhardwaj, S., Goodrich, D., McFarland, M. S., Virrueta, N., Henderson, B., Birstler, J., & Chui, M. A. (2023). Evaluation of an implementation package to deliver the COPD CARE service. BMJ open quality, 12(1), e002074. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2022-002074
White, A., Fulda, K., Blythe, R., Chui, M. A., Reeve, E., Young, R., Espinoza, A., Hendrix, N., & Xiao, Y. (2022). Defining and Enhancing Collaboration between Community Pharmacists and Primary Care Providers to Improve Medication Safety. Expert opinion on drug safety, 10.1080/14740338.2022.2147923. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/14740338.2022.2147923
Qudah, B., Maurer, M. A., Mott, D. A., & Chui, M. A. (2022). Discordance in Addressing Opioid Crisis in Rural Communities: Patient and Provider Perspectives. Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland), 10(4), 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy10040091
Chui, M. A., Berbakov, M. E., Gilson, A. M., Morris, A. O., & Stone, J. A. (2022). Effectiveness and sustainment of a tailored over-the-counter medication safety intervention in community pharmacies: A randomized controlled trial. Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP, S1551-7411(22)00201-7. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.06.008
Watterson, T. L., Stone, J. A., Gilson, A., Brown, R., Xiong, K. Z., Schiefelbein, A., Ramly, E., Kleinschmidt, P., Semanik, M., Craddock, L., Pitts, S. I., Woodroof, T., & Chui, M. A. (2022). Impact of CancelRx on discontinuation of controlled substance prescriptions: an interrupted time series analysis. BMC medical informatics and decision making, 22(1), 50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-022-01779-9
Watterson, T. L., Hernandez, S. E., Stone, J. A., Gilson, A. M., Ramly, E., & Chui, M. A. (2022). CancelRx implementation: Observed changes to medication discontinuation workflows over time. Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy, 5, 100108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsop.2022.100108
Morris, A. O., Gilson, A., Chui, M. A., & Xiong, K. (2021). Utilizing a cognitive engineering approach to conduct a hierarchical task analysis to understand complex older adult decision-making during over-the-counter medication selection. Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP, S1551-7411(21)00249-7. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.07.005
Holden, R. J., Abebe, E., Russ-Jara, A. L., & Chui, M. A. (2021). Human factors and ergonomics methods for pharmacy research and clinical practice. Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP, S1551-7411(21)00165-0. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.04.024
Gilson, A. M., Stone, J. A., Morris, A. O., Brown, R. L., Xiong, K. Z., Jacobson, N., Holden, R. J., Albert, S. M., Phelan, C. H., Walbrandt Pigarelli, D. L., Breslow, R. M., Welch, L., & Chui, M. A. (2021). Impact of a pilot community pharmacy system redesign on reducing over-the-counter medication misuse in older adults. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA, S1544-3191(21)00162-X. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2021.04.007
Watterson, T. L., Stone, J. A., Brown, R., Xiong, K. Z., Schiefelbein, A., Ramly, E., Kleinschmidt, P., Semanik, M., Craddock, L., Pitts, S., Woodroof, T., & Chui, M. A. (2021). CancelRx: a health IT tool to reduce medication discrepancies in the outpatient setting. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA, ocab038. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocab038
Xiong, K. Z., Shah, S., Stone, J. A., Jacobson, N., & Chui, M. A. (2021). Using a scenario-based hybrid approach to understand participant health behavior. Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP, S1551-7411(21)00104-2. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.02.020
Gilson, A. M., Xiong, K. Z., Stone, J. A., Jacobson, N., & Chui, M. A. (2021). A pharmacy-based intervention to improve safe over-the-counter medication use in older adults. Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP, 17(3), 578–587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.05.008
Chair, G. K., Bacci, J. L., Chui, M. A., Farley, J., Gannett, P. M., Holstad, S. G., Livet, M., & Farrell, D. (2020). Implementation Science to Advance Practice and Curricular Transformation: Report of the 2019-2020 AACP Research and Graduate Affairs Committee. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 84(10), ajpe848204. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe848204
Watterson, T. L., Look, K. A., Steege, L., & Chui, M. A. (2020). Operationalizing occupational fatigue in pharmacists: An exploratory factor analysis. Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP, S1551-7411(20)31111-6. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.09.012
Shah, S., Gilson, A. M., Jacobson, N., Reddy, A., Stone, J. A., & Chui, M. A. (2020). Understanding the Factors Influencing Older Adults’ Decision-Making about Their Use of Over-The-Counter Medications-A Scenario-Based Approach. Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland), 8(3), 175. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8030175
Abebe, E., Scanlon, M. C., Lee, K. J., & Chui, M. A. (2020). What do family caregivers do when managing medications for their children with medical complexity?. Applied ergonomics, 87, 103108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103108
Stone, J. A., Phelan, C. H., Holden, R. J., Jacobson, N., & Chui, M. A. (2020). A pilot study of decision factors influencing over-the-counter medication selection and use by older adults. Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP, 16(8), 1117–1120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.11.013
Gernant, S. A., Bacci, J. L., Upton, C., Ferreri, S. P., McGrath, S., Chui, M. A., Rickles, N. M., & Smith, M. (2020). Three opportunities for standardization: A literature review of the variation among pharmacists’ patient care services terminology. Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP, 16(6), 766–775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.08.034
Aboneh, E. A., Stone, J. A., Lester, C. A., & Chui, M. A. (2020). Evaluation of Patient Safety Culture in Community Pharmacies. Journal of patient safety, 16(1), e18–e24. https://doi.org/10.1097/PTS.0000000000000245
Gilson, A. M., Xiong, K. Z., Stone, J. A., Jacobson, N., Phelan, C., Reddy, A., & Chui, M. A. (2020). Improving Patient-Pharmacist Encounters with Over-The-Counter Medications: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study. Innovations in pharmacy, 11(1), 10.24926/iip.v11i1.2295. https://doi.org/10.24926/iip.v11i1.2295